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INTRODUCTION January 1998
OSHA has revised its construction industry safety standards (29 Code of Federal Regulations, Subpart M, Fall Protection, 1926.500, 1926.501, 1926.502, and 1926.503) and developed systems and procedures designed to prevent employees from falling off, onto, or through working levels and to protect employees from being struck by falling objects (Federal Register, August 9, 1994, pp. 40672-40753). The performance-oriented requirements make it easier for employers to provide the necessary protection.
The new standard prescribes the duty to provide fall protection, sets the criteria and practices for fall protection systems, and requires training. It covers hazard assessment, fall protection and safety monitoring systems. Also addressed are controlled access zones, safety nets, guardrail, personal fall arrest, warning line, and positioning device systems.
Employers are required to assess the workplace to determine if the walking/working surfaces on which employees are to work have the strength and structural integrity to safely support workers. Employees are not permitted to work on those surfaces until it has been determined that the surfaces have the requisite strength and structural integrity to support the workers. Once employers have determined that the surface is safe for employees to work on, the employer must select one of the options listed for the work operation if a fall hazard is present. For example, if an employee is exposed to falling 6 feet (1.8 meters) or more from an unprotected side or edge, the employer must select either a guardrail system, safety net system, or personal fall arrest system to protect the workers. Similar requirements are prescribed for other fall hazards in the material that follows.
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***MEMO*** |
| The Vital Need for Fall Protection Products |
Each year, approximately 300,000 disabling injuries are attributable to work-related falls. According to the National Safety Council, falls are the second highest cause of death in the work-place. In addition to the lost lives and injuries caused by falls, US businesses lose millions of dollars each year from significant increases in insurance premiums, workers compensation claims, product liability costs, and other related expenses. A comprehensive fall protection program not only saves lives and reduces injuries, but also saves money and makes good business sense.
Your company has developed this program with the safety of all employee in mind. We encourage all employees to take an active role in the continued development of a safe work-place. Your suggestions and participation in the Fall Protection Program will be a benefit to all. If you see a potential hazard or would like to suggest an alternative method of performing a task at the site, contact a supervisor.
| OSHA's Role/Who's Responsible? |
OSHA makes it quite clear that it is the employer's responsibility to develop a fall protection program that complies with OSHA regulations. The most effective programs are those in which employers work closely with their workers to identify fall hazards in the development of a comprehensive fall protection program that eliminated fall hazards or provides appropriate fall protection equipment.
As an employee of this company you will receive training in the code of safe practices for fall protection as well as the selection, care, and maintenance of fall protection equipment.
| What is Fall Protection? |
- Warning Lines
- Barriers
- Guardrails
- Perimeter Cables
- Safety Nets
- Walls, Fences
- Floors
- Platforms, Buckets
- Scaffolds, Planking
- Personal Fall Protection Equipment
"If it's not continuous
protection...It's not fall protection."
Heights at Which Guarding
or Fall Protection is Required by Federal OSHA:
|
INDUSTRY |
HEIGHT |
OSHA STANDARD |
OSHA STANDARD |
| Construction *Guard Rails *Fall Protection |
6 ft. or more 6 ft. |
1926.5 **** |
**** OSHA Std. 3-3.1 |
| General Industry | 4 ft. | 1910.23 | OSHA Std. 1-1.13 |
| Steel erection | 6
ft. max. unless a floor exists within 30 ft. |
1926.75 | **** |
| Perimeters
and Over Water |
25
ft. max. at perimeter |
1926.105 |
- the distance from the working/walking surface to grade or lower level.
- the worst fall hazard should be considered in each particular application.
| OSHA Classifications and Standards |
BODY BELTS ANSI CLASS 1, OSHA
Used for position or restraint. When used for fall arrest an approved shock absorber shall be used. The "D" ring must be positioned in the center of the wearer's back. OSHA's requirement of fall arrest systems limits maximum arresting force on a worker to 900 pounds when using a body belt.
CHEST HARNESS ANSI CLASS 2, OSHA
Used where there are only limited fall hazards, (No vertical free falls), and for retrieval. Not for fall arrest.
BODY HARNESS ANSI CLASS 3, OSHA
Used for restraint of fall arrest where vertical free fall hazards exist. Body harnesses distribute the fall arresting forces throughout a larger area of the body. When used for fall arrest a 1/2 inch filament nylon lanyard, or an approved shock absorber must be used. OSHA's requirement on all fall arrest systems using a body harness, limits maximum forces on a worker to 1800 pounds.
SUSPENSION BELTS ANSI CLASS 4, OSHA
Used to suspend a worker in a work area where no other means of support is available. Not for fall arrest. To be used with an independent fall arrest system, lifeline, body belt or harness and rope grab.
ROPE LANYARDS
Used for position or restraint. Only 1/2 inch filament nylon rope lanyard will meet OSHA's requirement for fall arrest using a body harness. Rope lanyards shall not be used for fall arrest with a body belt.
SHOCK ABSORBING LANYARD
For fall arrest, a shock absorbing lanyard is recommended. The shock absorber meets the OSHA requirement for fall arrest using a body harness or body belt. The shock absorber can increase the decelerating distance by 42 inches. It is essential to determine before use whether the fall space permits the use of an energy absorber. MUST BE USED when wearing a body belt for fall arrest and D-ring must be positioned in the center of the wearer's back.
CONNECTING DEVICE REQUIREMENTS
Belts or harnesses with a webbing loop must have the lanyard or securing line permanently attached to the loop. Belts or harnesses with a D-ring should have the lanyard or securing line properly and permanently spliced to the D-ring to minimize the possibility of accidental disengagement from the D-ring. If the intended use prohibits permanent attachment of the lanyard or securing line of the D-ring, a lanyard or securing line with a double-locking snap hook should be used. If the use of a double-locking snap hook is not practical, a single-locking snap may be used. Snap hooks cannot be snapped to another snap hook or snapped to a D-ring if the throat opening is larger than 3/4 inch. If a snap hook is used with the safety lanyard, the lanyard should have a 5000 lb. Tensile strength.
Items subjected to FALL ARREST or IMPACT FORCES must be immediately removed from service and destroyed. Any item showing EXCESSIVE WEAR OR DETERIORATION should be destroyed. Inspect all equipment before each use. Failure to observe proper inspection and usage procedures could result in INJURY or DEATH.
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS must be considered in selecting the appropriate lifeline, belt and lanyard. Recommendations where chemicals, high temperature or other unusual conditions exist may be addressed to GEMTOR.
FREE FALL CONSIDERATIONS
Free fall distances should be kept to a minimum, and as required by OSHA, in no case greater than 6 feet. To ensure compliance the tie off attachment point to the lifeline or anchor should be located at or above the connection point of the fall arrest equipment to belt, or harness.
INSPECTION
Users should establish formal routine inspection procedures according to prevailing conditions with a minimum of two formal inspections per year. Visual inspection is required before each use, for mildew, wear damage or other deterioration and defective components shall be removed from service.
1. Buckles, D-rings, snap hooks, thimbles, and wear pads shall not be distorted, or have any sharp edges, burrs, cracks, worn parts or corrosion. Make sure buckle works freely. The snap hook keeper spring shall provide tension to close the keeper in a locked position; it shall close flat against the snap hook and exhibit no sideways movement or play. Rivets and grommets shall be tightly embedded in the material with no distortion.THE INSPECTION PROCEDURE MUST REFLECT THE USE APPLICATION.
2. All webbing shall be free of frayed or broken fiber, pulled stitches, tears, abrasions, mold, burns or discoloration. Rope splices shall be tight with five tucks. Thimbles shall be held by the splice. Inspect rope by twisting. Inspect webbing by bending and/or pressing over a 1-1/2 inch diameter object.
3. Extension-type shock absorbing devices shall show no evidence of elongation.
* See: Equipment Inspection Form
| Fall Hazard Analysis |
- Breakdown of vertical/horizontal movements at the worksite.
- Number of workers involved.
- How often the work is performed.
- Required work tools (including access).
- Determine obtainable anchor point strength.
- Set criteria for fall protection equipment and/or systems.
- A general description of the worksite with attention to potential obstruction in the fall path. Calculate fall distance.
- Analysis to review expected self-recovery or possible need for retrieval/rescue.
- Identification of environmental conditions (icy/wet).
(Your Company)
Fall Hazard Analysis Checklist
(to be used at the job site)
| Date: | |
| Job site: | |
| Prepared by: | |
| Description of Job site: (obstacles, obstruction in fall path) | |
| Job site Tasks: | |
| Vertical and Horizontal movements to be performed at the job site: | |
| Number of workers on-site: | |
| Frequency of tasks: | |
| Established/Identified anchor points: | |
| Fall Protection Equipment to be used: | |
| Rescue Procedures: | |
| Identification of Environmental Conditions: | |
Can be used as a "Training
Document" in conjunction with Construction Code of Safe Practices
Fall Protection
Hazard Evaluation/Code of Safe Practices
for General Work Areas and Specific Job Safety
Classes
| General Area of Specific Job Safety Class: | Painters/Roofers/Steel Workers | |
| Date Prepared: | Prepared by: | |
|
Description of Job/Task |
Potential Safety/Health Hazards: |
Code of Safe Practices |
| Scaffold, Ladder, Boom Truck work during prep and application of paint | Falls due to improper fall protection equipment. | Employees will only use fall protection equipment that is compatible and approved for the task. |
| Roof Applications | Falls due to improper use of fall protection equipment | Employees will follow all safety rules/guidelines established by the company with respect to the use of fall protection equipment. |
| Steel Erections |
Falls due to the use of fall protection equipment that
is frayed, distorted, cracked, or cut. Falls due to the use of improper tie-off points. Injuries/falls as a result of slipping on wet surfaces. Injuries/falls due to slip/trip hazards. Injuries sustained as a result of falling objects. |
Employees are to inspect all fall protection equipment
for damage prior to each use. Employees using fall protection equipment must tie-off only at approved points. Employees will only wear approved footwear and use caution when working on wet surfaces. Employees will keep worksite clean and orderly. All equipment will be properly stored when not in use. Employee must wear Hard hats. |
| THE A-B-C RULE |
A. Anchor Point -
Secure point of attachment that supports entire weight of the system.B. Harness -
Personal protection worn by workers performing the job.
- Fall Arrest
- Positioning
- Suspension
- Retrieval
Attaches harness to anchor point.
Examples are lanyards, rope grabs and deceleration devices.
| ASPECTS OF FALL PROTECTION |
Fall Arrest
A fall arrest system is required if the risk of falling from an elevated level exists. The system will arrest a worker in a fall from a working level. It is designed to be passive, activated only if a fall occurs.A fall arrest system includes:
A) Anchor Point - (must support 5,000 lbs.) Eye Bolt / Beam / Tag Line - The point which supports the total weight of the worker.
B) Personal Protective Gear - Full Body Harness - A full body harness distributes the forces throughout the body should a fall occur.
C) Connecting Device - Shock Absorbing Lanyard - the shock absorbing lanyard softens the impact on the worker, dramatically decreasing the total fall arresting forces.
| ANCHORING PROCEDURES |
1. Anchor point should be directly above the worker.
2. Anchor point should be easily accessible.
3. Anchor point should be capable of supporting 5,000 lbs. per worker.
4. Anchor point should be high enough so that no lower level is struck should a fall occur.
5. Structural beams and eye bolts are often used.
| ANCHORING DEVICES |
Carabiner - Used to connect retractable life lines, vertical drop lines to an overhead anchor point.
Cross-Arm Strap - Designed to wrap around beams to eliminate the dangerous practice of wrapping lanyards around sharp beams.
Horizontal Lifeline - Temporary anchoring device for beams.
Beam Trolley - Trolley used to freely move on overhead eye beams. This insures that the anchor point stays overhead.
| POSITIONING |
Positioning System
A personal positioning system is required if a worker must be held in place while his hands are free to work. The system is defined as a system of equipment or hardware which, when used with it's body belt or body harness, allows a worker to be supported on an elevated vertical surface and work with both hands free. A positioning system provides solid midriff support. Whenever a worker leans back, the system is activated, making this an "active" system.
A positioning system includes:
A) Anchor Point - Vertical Rods
B) Personal Protective Gear - Full Body Harness
C) Connecting Device - Rebar Chain Assembly
A positioning system must be used only for the positioning assistance for which it was designed. It must not be relied upon to provide fall arrest or any other kind of protection.
| SUSPENSION |
Personal Suspension System
A personal suspension system is required when it is necessary to position and support a worker from above. A typical system involves the use of a winch, cable, and either a boson's chair or a specially designed suspension harness. The system is designed to lower and support a worker while allowing a hands-free work environment.
A suspension system includes:
A) Anchor Point - Anchor Bolt/CarabinerA suspension system must be used only to lower and support a worker at an elevated work station. The connecting points of a suspension system are not designed to provide fall arrest or any kind of protection.
B) Personal Protective Gear - Boson's Chair/Harness
C) Connecting Device - Workline
| RETRIEVAL |
Personal Retrieval System
A personal retrieval system is required when a worker needs a quick means of being lifted out of a work environment. This system is primarily used in confined spaces where workers enter tanks, manholes, etc. and may require retrieval from above if an emergency occurs. A retrieval system is a passive system which becomes active when the worker needs to be removed from the work location.
A retrieval system includes:
A) Anchor Point - Tripod Eye BoltA personal retrieval system is designed to quickly remove a worker from a work location and may not provide fall arrest protection.
B) Personal Protective Gear - Full body Harness
C) Connecting Device - Retractable Lifeline/Rescue Unit
| BODY BELTS |
Warning!
Body Belts will not be allowed for use after
January 1, 1998
Positioning Belt - has two D-rings, one on each side of the wearer's body.
| SHOCK-ABSORBING LANYARDS |
1. Significantly reduce fall arresting forces as much as 50-80% compared to traditional lanyards.
2. Limit fall arresting forces to less than 900 lbs.
3. Comply with OSHA and ANSI regulations for shock absorbers.
4. Elongate up to 3-1/2 feet during activation and fall arresting process.
|
Force Generated by 220
lbs. Steel Weight Free Falling Six Feet |
| CONNECTING DEVICES |
Free fall distance equals length of connecting device minus
distance between anchor point and fall arrest D-ring.
A) Lanyard -
- Rope
- Web
- Cable
B) Shock Absorbers - Deceleration Units
C) Rebar Chain Assemblies
D) Web Rebar Assemblies
E) Retractable Lifelines
F) Vertical Lifelines and Rope Grabs
| HARNESS |
A harness distributes the impact force of a fall to a greater area of the torso than does a belt.
Fall-Arrest full body harness has a fall arrest D-ring attached to the upper middle of the back and a positioning D-ring attached to each side
Fall-Arrest/Suspension full body harness has two suspension D-rings usually positioned in the lower front portion of the harness to provide stable, secure and comfortable support. It also has a fall arrest D-ring attached to the upper middle of the back for connection to a separate anchor point.
Boson's chair is a type of fall arrest/suspension equipment. It has a suspension D-ring permanently attached to the top of the unit and has a built-in fall arrest belt with a D-ring attached to the center of the back.
Fall Arrest/Retrieval full body harness has two retrieval D-rings permanently attached to the wearer's shoulders and a fall arrest D-ring permanently attached to the upper middle of the back.
| DO'S AND DON'TS OF FALL PROTECTION |
1) A shock absorbing lanyard will stretch 3-1/2 feet to slow a fall. Bear this in mind when calculating fall distance.
2) The shorter the tie-off, the shorter the fall. Always use the shortest possible lanyard.
3) When you tie off above your head, you reduce the total fall distance. A six footer who ties off at his feet could fall as far as 12 feet before stopping.
4) You can avoid the pendulum effect by attaching directly over head. When you tie off to the side, you may swing into side surfaces or obstructions during a fall.
5) Look out for sharp beams. Wrapping lanyards around a beam or sharp edges could cut them because of the tremendous forces generated during a fall. Use a cross arm strap, carabiner or other attachment, instead of wraparounds.
6) Make sure the anchorage point is strong enough to withstand force generated during a fall and meets the 5,000 lb. anchor point requirement per employee.
7) What happens if there is a fall?
- A) Provide immediate assistance and rescue.
- B) Have the worker checked medically.
- C) Remove equipment from service.
- D) Investigate fall.
- E) Evaluate how the system worked and make any needed changes to procedures.
- B) Have the worker checked medically.
- A) Harness should be snug, but it shouldn't bind.
- B) Your belt should fit so the center grommets are used most often.
- Do not punch additional holes to increase the size.
- C) The chest strap should be in your mid-chest area, under the shoulder buckle.
- D) Make sure all the leg snaps are attached.
- B) Your belt should fit so the center grommets are used most often.
10) Side and front D-rings are for positioning only.
11) Use only lanyards with locking snaps.
| GLOSSARY |
Anchorage - a secure point of attachment for lifelines, lanyards, or deceleration devices.
Arresting Force - the force generated by arresting the test weight that is transmitted through the fall arresting system components to the anchorage or load cell.
Belt Terminal - an end attachment of a window cleaner's positioning system used for securing the belt or harness to single or double-headed anchors.
Body Belt - (safety belt) a strap with means both for securing about the waist and for attaching to a lanyard, lifeline or deceleration device.
Body Harness - a design of straps which is secured about the wearer in a manner to distribute the arresting forces over at least the thighs, shoulders, and pelvis, with provisions for attaching a lanyard, lifeline, or deceleration device.
Competent Person - one who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are hazardous, or dangerous to workers, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them.
Deceleration Device - any mechanism which serves to dissipate energy during a fall.
Deceleration Distance - the additional vertical distance a falling worker travels excluding lifeline elongation before stopping from the point at which the deceleration device begins to operate. It is measured as the distance between the location of an workers body belt or body-harness attachment point just prior to activation of the deceleration device during a fall, and the location of that attachment point after the employee comes to a full stop.
Free Fall - the act of falling, before the personal fall protection system begins to arrest the fall.
Free Fall Distance - the vertical distance an worker falls before the fall arrest system is activated.
Hardware - buckles, D-rings, snap-hooks and associated hardware which are used to attach the components of the system together.
Ladder Belt - a belt which may be attached to a fixed ladder or a secured portable ladder while the worker is performing work from the ladder.
Ladder Safety Device - a device other than a cage or well, designed to help prevent accidental falls from ladders or to limit the length of such falls. A ladder safety device usually consists of a carrier, safety sleeve and body belt or harness.
Lanyard - a flexible line used to secure a body belt or body harness to a lifeline or directly to a point of anchorage.
Lifeline - a line provided for direct or indirect attachment to a worker's body belt, body harness, lanyard, or deceleration device. Such lifelines may be horizontal or vertical in application.
Retracting Line - an automatic tensioning system that extends out and retracts a line at a certain speed and locks or brakes when the speed is exceeded.
Rope Grab - a device which attaches to a lifeline as an anchoring point that provides a means of arresting a fall.
Safety Sleeve - the moving component with locking mechanism of a ladder safety device which travels on the carrier and connects the carrier to the body belt or harness.
Saddle Belt - a body belt which usually has additional straps for supporting aworker in a sitting position at a work station. An example would be a tree trimmer's saddle.
Self-Retracting Lifeline/Lanyard - a deceleration device which contains a drum-wound line which may be slowly extracted from or retracted onto the drum under slight tension during normal worker movement, and which, after onset of a fall, automatically locks the drum and arrests the fall.
Shock Absorber - a component of a system which allows dissipation of energy by extending the deceleration distance.
Snap-Hook - A self closing device with a keeper, latch or other similar mechanism which will remain closed until manually opened.
Suspension Belts - simple or compound straps that may be secured about the wearer's body as an independent work support. Examples include saddle belts or tree trimmer's belts.
Tie-Off - the act of a user wearing personal fall protection equipment connecting directly or indirectly to an anchorage. Also means the condition of an worker being connected to an anchorage.
Total Fall Distance - the maximum vertical distance between the wearer's body belt or body harness attachment points before and after the fall is arrested including lanyard extension and/or deceleration distance.
Window Cleaner's Belt - a belt which consists of a waist belt, an integral terminal runner or strap, and belt terminals.
Window Cleaner's Positioning System - a system which consists of a window cleaner's belt secured to window anchors.
FOR #2930 ROOF PEAK ANCHORS
WARNING
- Use only with ALTA, ANSI, AND OSHA compliant Fall Arrest System.
- Not intended as a permanently installed anchorage.
- Anchor should be inspected before and after each use. Bent, rusted, or otherwise damaged anchors should be destroyed.
- Install in accordance with these instructions.
- Anchors subjected to a fall must be removed from service and destroyed.
CAPACITY: The ALTA roof anchors are designed to be used as anchor points for no more than one person at any one time. More than one worker on a roof or scaffold system would require a roof anchor for each individual.
2930 Roof Bracket
PLACEMENT AND
INSTALLATION OF THE MODEL #2930 ROOF PEAK ANCHOR
This anchor, when installed in accordance with these instructions,
will provide an anchor point at the peak of the roof that is suitable
for use with the ALTA Fall Arrest System. The Model #2930 Roof
Peak Anchor should be used in conjunction with roofing bracket
supported walk planks when installing conventional footing systems
on truss, rafter and plywood sheathing construction.
Begin by placing the first anchor along the peak of the roof
at a point 5 feet in from the beginning of the roof line. Additional
anchors should be placed no more than every 10 feet with the last
anchor set 5 feet from the end of the roof line. Remove ridge
vents when attaching Peak Anchors.
Each anchor should be fastened to the roof using 2" x
#lO wood screws. The center row of holes must be secured to the
roof rafter. The outer two rows of holes must be secured to the
plywood sheathing. Use all holes provided in securing this roof
anchor to the building structure. Inspect rafter from inside the
attic area to ensure that the wood is structurally sound and free
of rot or other signs of deterioration.
When only working on one side of a pitched roof, the model
#2930 Roof Peak Anchor can be installed on the flat surface by
extending the two flat fastening plates out leaving the "D"
ring in the middle of the installed anchor. Fasten as described
above. When installed as an anchor point on a flat surface, the
rope connecting the fall arrest harness to the anchor cannot extend
over the peak of the roof. If it becomes necessary to work on
the other side of the peak, an anchor must be installed at the
peak or on the flat surface being worked on.
| WARNING: FAILURE TO READ AND FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS ON THE USE OF THIS PRODUCT COULD RESULT IN SERIOUS PERSONAL INJURY. THIS PRODUCT MUST BE USED IN STRICT COMPLIANCE WITH LOCAL, STATE, AND FEDERAL OSHA REGULATIONS. |
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RESOURCE INFORMATION |
SAFETY AND COMPLIANCE LINKS
- The US Department of Labor Home Page www.dol.gov
- Federal OSHA's Home Page www.osha.gov
- The OSHA Salt Lake City Technical Center www.osha-slc.gov
- California Department of Industrial Relations (Cal/OSHA) www.dir.ca.gov
- OSHA's Favorite Safety Web Sites www.fedworld.gov
- Other Federal Government Web Sites www.fedworld.gov
- State OSHA and Department of Labor Websites www.osha.gov/oshdir/statelinks.html/
- ERGOWEB Ergonomics information www.ergoweb.com
- NIOSH The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health www.cdc.gov/niosh
- CDC The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention www.cdc.gov
- The American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE) www.asse.org
- The National Safety Council www.nsc.org
- The American Industrial Hygiene Association www.aiha.org
- Safety Online www.safetyonline.com
- One of Our Favorite Safety Links Pages turva.me.tut.fi/~oshweb/
- MSDS Online www.msdsonline.com
- Bill & Hillary, Al & Tipper's Homepage www.whitehouse.gov
- All Federal Codes & Law www.laws.house.gov
- Duane @ SafeWork www.safework-pc.com Or e-mail: duane@safework-pc.com
- Federal OSHA's Home Page www.osha.gov
Resource Phone Numbers
- OSHA Information Line (202) 219-8151
- OSHA Publications (202) 219-4667
- Superintendent of Documents Government Printing Office (202) 512-1800
- NIOSH Information Line (800) 356-4674
- CDC Fax Information Service (ed. note: this is a cool deal!) (404) 332-4565
- ANSI Information (212) 642-4900
- NFPA Information (800) 735-0100
- OSHA Training Institute (847) 297-4810
- OSHA Statistics (202) 219-6463
- OSHA TDD (Help for the hearing impaired) (800) 326-2577
INTRODUCTION || Memo from MEIE || What is Fall Protection and Why is it Needed?
OSHA Classifications and Standards || Fall Hazard Analysis and Forms
Methods of Fall Protection || Tools and Systems || DO'S AND DON'TS || Glossary
Resource Information || Fall Protection Index
Requirements || OSHA Regulations || Warnings || Glossary of Terms || Fall Protection Products
Previous Page | Next Page - OSHA Publications (202) 219-4667
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